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Foreign language education was severely restricted during the war

So the Brazilian government first banned the teaching of foreign languages ​​in December 1938. The foreign languages ​​were German, Japanese, and Italian. English and French were not subject to the restrictions.

However, in the case of Sao Paulo, just like the Japanese in Hawaii, if they restricted the Italian language, the city of Sao Paulo would not have been able to function. The influence of the Italian language is strong in Sao Paulo. As a result, Italy surrendered soon after the war started. I feel that the restrictions on Italian immigrants and the Italian language were not that strict.

The Japanese language, Japanese and German, were extremely strictly restricted, and during the war, if three people were caught speaking Japanese, you could be arrested.


Brazil Italians Japanese languages World War II

Date: September 19, 2019

Location: California, US

Interviewer: Yoko Nishimura

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

Masato Ninomiya was born in Nagano Prefecture in 1948 and moved to Brazil at the age of 5 with his family. He currently maintains a legal office in São Paulo, and in addition to working as a Law Professor at the University of Sao Paulo, also serves as Special Assistant to the President at Meiji University and as Visiting Professor of Law at Musashino University. Since its founding in 1992, he has served as President of CIATE (Center for Information and Support to Workers Abroad), Advisor to the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) for Central and South America, and also a Committee Member of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Additionally, he is considered a Nikkei community leader in Brazil, supporting various activities such as improving the working conditions of Brazilian Dekasegi, and the education of Japanese-Brazilian children. . (May 2021)

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The FBI and the radio

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Father’s words

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Loyalty questionnaire

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Wanting to take a stand

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Ostracized by the camp newspapers

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On trial for draft evasion

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Draft resisters sent to jail

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Fair Play Committee charged with conspiracy

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Would do the same again

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Arrested in camp for trying to leave

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Basic Training

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A visit to Jerome after OCS

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