Patricia Okubo Afable, ed. Japanese Pioneers in the Northern Philippine Highlands: A Centennial Tribute, 1903-2003. Baguio City, Philippines: Filipino-Japanese Foundation of Northern Luzon, Inc., 2004.
Professor Yu teaches at the Department of Political Science, Ateneo de Manila University.
Introduction: "This paper aims to relate two directions of emigration (Filipinos to the United States and Japanese to the Philippines) to the United States economic policy in the Philippines. Majority of the Filipino laborers who emigrated to the United States during the American period took up jobs in agricultural plantations. So did the majority of the Japanese laborers who went to the Philippines. A close look at this phenomenon of outgoing and incoming farm labor may give a clue to United States policies on providing employment, building up the Philippine economy, and population redistribution."