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Migration Bibliography: Brazil

Excerpt from Masato Ninomiya and Naomi Hoki Moniz, comp., "Annotated Bibliography of Japanese Brazilians," in Akemi Kikumura-Yano, ed., Encyclopedia of Japanese Descendants in the Americas: An Illustrated History of the Nikkei (Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press, 2002), 130-141.

Cardoso, Ruth Corrêa Leite. Family Structure and Social Mobility. São Paulo, Brazil: Ed. Kaleidos-Primus, 1998.

Originally a dissertation by the wife of Brazilian president, published in Japanese, Portuguese, and English. It investigates and analyzes the characteristics of the Japanese immigrants and accurately indicates the direction of the Japanese-Brazilian society.


Fujii, Yukio, and Lynn T. Smith. The Acculturation of the Japanese Immigrants in Brazil. Latin American Monographs Number 8. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press, 1959.

General study of the Japanese in Brazil, with brief history to 1957, demography, ecology, sociocultural evolution. Based on published sources, it contains useful statistical tables analyzed from other works and a short bibliographical note.


Kumusaka, Y. and H. Saito. “Kachigumi: A Collective Delusion among Japanese and Their Descendants.” Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 15, no. 2 (April 1970): 167-175.

Study of the two factions in Brazil, claiming the victory of Japan in the World War II.


Lesser, Jeffrey. Negotiating National Identity. Immigrants, Minorities, and the Struggle for Ethnicity in Brazil. Durhan & London: Duke University Press, 1999.

Lesser examines the role that ethnic minorities from China, Japan, Middle East, and North Africa have played in the construction of a national identity. Most of the book is about the Japanese immigrants: Chapters 4): “Searching for a Hyphen”; 5) “Negotiations and New Identities”; 6) “Turning Japanese” (pp. 81-165). Indispensable reading, very informative footnotes.


Moniz, Naomi Hoki. “Race, Gender, Ethnicity and the Narrative of National Identity in the Films of Tizuka Yamazaki.” In New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan, edited by Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, Akemi Kikumura-Yano, and James Hirabayashi. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2002, 221-236.


Mori, Edson. “The Japanese-Brazilian Dekasegi Phenomenon: An Economic Perspective.” In New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan, edited by Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, Akemi Kikumura-Yano, and James Hirabayashi. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2002, 237-248.


Ninomiya, Masato. “The Dekasegi Phenomenon and the Education of Japanese Brazilian Children in Japanese Schools.” In New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan, edited by Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, Akemi Kikumura-Yano, and James Hirabayashi. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2002, 249-260.


Smith, Robert, and Hiroshi Saito. The Japanese and Their Descendants in Brazil: An Annotated Bibliography. São Paulo: Centro de Estudos Nipo-Brasileiros, 1967.

Very comprehensive, useful, and informative bibliography up to 1967.


Suzuki, Teiichi. The Japanese Immigrant in Brazil. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1964.

Complete statistical data of the situation of Japanese immigrants in Brazil, collected and researched by the Census Committee of the Japanese Community in 1958.


Tigner, James Lawrence. The Okinawans in Latin America: Investigations of Okinawan Communities in Latin America with Exploration of Settlement Possibilities. Strategic Investigations, Ryukyu Islands, Number 7. Washington, D.C.: Pacific Science Board, National Research Council, 1953.

Very important study of a group that is often lumped together with the Japanese mainlanders. Okinawans have a distinctive history and culture from them and see themselves as such despite the tendency to be viewed as Japanese in the host countries. They form one of the most cohesive groups even today and very successful in many areas, and notably in Brazilian politics. Tigner presents a comprehensive report, based on literature in Portuguese, Spanish, English, and Japanese, including government documents, and on interviews by the author on the history, economy, and society of Ryukyuan immigration to Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Peru, and Mexico, with secondary attention to Japanese immigration. Great source of documents, photos, and interviews.


Bibliography in other languages: 日本語 - Português


Historical Overview: Brazil

Additional Resources: Brazil

Encyclopedia of Nikkei Migration

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