From DiscoverNikkei.org
[edit] Migration Bibliography: Peru
- Excerpt from Raúl Araki, comp., "Annotated Bibliography of Japanese Peruvians," in Akemi Kikumura-Yano, ed., Encyclopedia of Japanese Descendants in the Americas: An Illustrated History of the Nikkei (Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press, 2002), 262-269.
Balbi, Mariella. La cocina según Sato: pescados y mariscos a la manera Nikkei. Lima: Universidad San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Turismo y Hotelería , 1997.
- This book presents so-called Nikkei cooking as an important variant of the Peruvian gastronomy, with its influence in the use of fish and shellfish. Contains basic recipes of chef Sato. Includes a brief history of Nikkei cooking. Bilingual edition: English-Spanish.
Barnhart, Edward N. “Japanese Internees from Peru.” Pacific Historical Review 31, no. 2 (May 1962): 169-178.
- Based on the information obtained from the declassified documents of the Departments of State and Justice of the United States, the author describes and analyzes the subject of deportation of the Japanese and their descendants from Peru during World War II. The negotiation of their civil rights and the expropriation of their assets are emphasized.
Bowen, Sally. El expediente Fujimori: El Perú y su Presidente 1990-2000. Lima: Perú Monitor, 2000.
- Written by an English journalist, the book includes a selection of events most controversial during Alberto Fujimori’s two terms. Uses, as a basic source, a series of interviews conducted mainly with former collaborators and opponents of the regime. Published in two simultaneous editions, English and Spanish.
Brunette, Rachel. “Dekasegi Nikkeijin: Reflections on Japanese Immigration Policy and the Return Migration of Japanese Latin Americans.” Master’s thesis, Stanford University, Department of History, 1999.
- This study is based on the inspection of secondary sources, Japanese and Peruvian newspapers, and interviews with Latin American Nikkei and Japanese government officials. A major part of the collection of information was conducted in Lima. The thesis deals with Japanese immigration policies, the context, which produced the dekasegi phenomenon, and the labor and legal situation of these workers and their perspectives.
Emmerson, John K. The Japanese Thread. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978.
- The author was in charge of the implementation of the deportation program during World War II. This book contains his memories of these events, describes detailed operations of the program, and shows the injustice committed against the Japanese during those days.
Gardiner, Harvey C. The Japanese and Peru. 1873-1973. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1975.
- Based on numerous Japanese, North American, and Peruvian sources, the author, a North American historian, reconstructs the centenary history of commercial, political, and cultural relations between Japan and Peru. Also includes the subjects of origin and development of the Japanese Peruvian community during this period.
Gardiner, Harvey C. Pawns in a Triangle of Hate. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1981.
- The author describes and analyzes the politics of the Peruvian and U.S. governments that determined the deportation during World War II. Also filled with testimonies of the victims from the moment of their arrest in Peru to the end of the war, when they lacked the legal status to permanently stay in the United States, while at the same time they were prevented from returning to Peru.
Gerbi, Antonello. “The Japanese in Peru.” Asia and the Americas 43, no. 1 (January 1943): 43-46.
- The author, a Peruvian economist at Credit Bank of Peru, maintains that the Japanese community remained separate and organized outside of the society and, above all, did not conduct its financial transactions with Peruvian banks.
Higashide, Seiichi. Adios to Tears: The Memoirs of a Japanese-Peruvian Internee in U.S. Concentration Camps. Honolulu, Hawai`i: E&E Kudo Publisher, 1993.
- An autobiography of a Japanese immigrant who had lived in Peru since 1930 and was deported to the United States during World War II. It is a testimony of a life filled with nuances and experiences, processed and written in his matured age. His memories and sentiments serve to reconstruct and transmit the complexities of this era.
Irie, Toraji. “History of the Japanese Migration to Peru.” Hispanic American Historical Review XXXI, nos. 3-4 (August - November 1951): 437-452 (no. 3) and 648-664 (no. 4).
- Originally published in Japanese, these articles offer valid, objective, and detailed information about Japanese immigrants and their activities, from their early days in the Peruvian plantations until 1925.
Nakamoto, Jorge. “Middleman Minority, Acculturation, and Ethnic Persistence: The Case of the Japanese Peruvians.” Ph.D. diss., University of California, 1994.
- The author revisits the literature on the Japanese in Peru in order to refute the stereotypes and confusions existent in such literature. As theoretical support, he utilizes the concepts of “middleman minority” and of assimilation and acculturation.
Normano, J. F., and Antonello Gerbi. The Japanese in South America. New York: The John Day Company, 1943.
- Provides a historical overview of Japanese immigration in Latin America, mainly Brazil. In terms of Peru, it emphasizes the economic success achieved by the Japanese and how its organization, used as the strategy for such success, is at the same time an obstacle for their assimilation.
Thompson, Stephen. “Survival of Ethnicity in the Japanese Community of Lima.” Urban Anthropology 3, no. 2 (1974): 243-261.
- The author, through research conducted in Peru, focuses his interest on numerous institutions created by immigrants, which would explain their own resistance to assimilation.
Titiev, Misha. “The Japanese Colony in Perú.” The Far Eastern Quarterly 10, no. 3 (May 1951): 227-247.
- Discusses the stereotypes existent about the Nikkei community from the prewar era, mainly with respect to its organization and economic activities. In the postwar period, Titiev maintains that, due to the suspension of the immigration and absence of contacts with Japan, the community oriented itself toward imminent assimilation.
White, John W. “Japan’s Amazon Dream.” Asia and the Americas 43, no. 10 (October 1943): 580-583.
- An article representative of the American fear during World War II, which saw the Japanese colonies in Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru as part of a Japanese politico-military plan for expansion, with supposed interest in establishing a communication line between the Pacific and Atlantic.
Bibliography in other languages: 日本語 - Español